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You are here: Home > Law > Copyrights > What Is Covered By The Copyright?

What Is Covered By The Copyright?

The Copyright Act protects "works of authorship."

Works of authorship include:

literary works (books, articles, poetry, manuals, computer software, source code and compilations), musical works (songs, instrumental and vocal arrangements and jingles), dramatic works (plays, operas, skits and interpretations), choreographic works (dance arrangements, ballets, dance performances, and mime), pictorial, graphic and sculptural works (photographs, maps, paintings, cartoons, stuffed animals and rug and fabric designs), motion pictures and other audiovisual works (movies, videos, training films, television shows and ads and interactive multimedia works) and sound works (music, sounds and other recordings).

Copyright law only protects against "copying" the "expression" in a work. Ideas cannot be protected. The problem is, that it's very difficult to tell the difference between between an "idea" and an "expression." Merely by changing a few of the words, or the size and shape of a copyrighted design or work doesn't avoid an infringement claim. Copyright infringement extends to new works which are "substantially similar" to a copyrighted work. Essentially, if the work as a whole appears to the ordinary person to be substantially similar to a copyrighted work, it infringes on the copyrighted design.

Copyright law protects eight categories of works: literary (including software programs); musical (including lyrics); dramatic (including any accompanying music); pantomimes and choreographic works; pictorial, graphic and sculptural works; motion pictures and other audiovisual works; sound recordings; and architectural works. The Copyright Act protects against others reproducing, adapting, and publicly distributing, performing, or displaying copyrighted works without permission of the copyright holder (we'll call all of these "copying" to simplify the discussion).


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